Class reflection( environmental sociology)

 > John Bellamy Fosters works focuses on how capitalism disrupts the natural cycle of material exchange, leading to ecological crises.                     KEY COMPONENTS OF METABOLIC RIFT THEORY Marx's concept of Metabolism > Metabolic Rift : Marx described the relationship between human and nature as a metabolic process, a continues exchange of energy and materials. Pre- capitalist balance : In this societies, this interaction was relatively balanced, nutrients returned to the soil through organic recycling, maintaining a healthy cycle.                                                            Deep Ecology >Deep ecology emphasizes the inherent value of all living things and call for a shift in human consciousness to live in harmony with nature. It goes beyond simply conser...

> It’s says that why we have so many environmental problems even though we have amazing technology . It’s being used to fuel a system that’s unsustainable. >. Allan Schneeberg was a sociologist who studied how capitalism affects the environment. He came up with the idea of the "treadmill of production", which says that capitalism always wants to grow, but this growth hurts the environments. He looked at both how capitalism works and how the environment works, and saw that they were in conflicts.    > Treadmill of production, a concept in environmental sociology. It argues that capitalism inherently leads to environmental harm through a cycle of: a) Increased production : business must constantly grow to stay profitable, leading to more resourse used and waste b) Externalized cost : the environmental damage caused by production isn't reflected in prices, so businesses profits while society bears the burden c) Technological fixes : new technologies often create ne...

  1. Multhusian Perspective > Malthus believed that people have a natural tendency to reproduce faster than food production can keep up. This leads to compition for limited resources, which can results in famine, disease and war, acting as natural checks on population growth. When there are more people there are fewer resources like food, water, and land for everyone. This means people have to compete for what's available. Survival of fittest means that those who are best suited to the environment, like those who can find easily or are strong and healthy, are more likely to survive and have children. This process of nature favoring those who are better adapted is called natural selection. So, population growth can lead to a struggle for resources and natural selection helps ensure that the best adapted individuals survive and pass on their character ties to future generation. 2.Ecological Modernizations Theory > This theory was developed in the early 1980s . KEY FI GURES : Jo...